Wynn Kapit, the designer and illustrator of this book, has had careers in law, graphic and advertising design, painting, and teaching.

In 1955, he graduated from law school, with honors, from the University of Miami and was admitted to the Florida Bar. He practiced law both before and after military service. Four years later, he decided to pursue a childhood ambition and enrolled at what is now the Art Center College in Los Angeles, where he studied graphic design. Afterwards, he worked in the New York advertising world for six years as a designer and art director. He “dropped out” in the late 1960s, returned to California, and began painting. His numerous exhibitions included a one-man show at the California Palace of the Legion of Honor in 1968. He returned to school and received a master’s degree in painting from the University of California at Berkeley in 1972.

Kapit was teaching figure drawing in Adult Ed in San Francisco in 1975 when he decided he needed to learn more about bones and muscles. He enrolled in Dr. Elson’s anatomy class at San Francisco City College. While he was a student, he created the word-and-illustration coloring format that seemed to be a remarkably effective way of learning the subject. He showed some layouts to Dr. Elson and indicated his intention to do a coloring book on bones and muscles for artists. Immediately recognizing the potential of this method, Dr. Elson encouraged Kapit to do a “complete” coloring book on anatomy and offered to collaborate on the project. The first edition of The Anatomy Coloring Book was published in 1977, and its immediate success inspired the development of a completely new field of publishing: educational coloring books.

Kapit went on to create The Physiology Coloring Book with the assistance of two professors who were teaching at Berkeley: Dr. Robert I. Macey and Dr. Esmail Meisami. That book was published in 1987 and has gone through two editions. In the early 1990s, Kapit wrote and designed The Geography Coloring Book, now in its second edition.

LAWRENCE M. ELSON

Lawrence M. Elson, PhD, planned the content and organization, provided sketches, and wrote the text for the book. This is his seventh text, having authored It’s Your Body and The Zoology Coloring Book and co-authored The Human Brain Coloring Book and The Microbiology Color ing Book. He received his BA in zoology and pre-med at the University of California at Berkeley and continued there to receive his PhD in human anatomy. Dr. Elson was assistant professor of anatomy at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, participated in the development of the Physician’s Assistant Program, lectured and taught dissection anatomy at the University of California School of Medicine in San Francisco, and taught general anatomy, from protozoons to humans, at City College of San Francisco.

In his younger days, Dr. Elson trained to become a naval aviator and went on to fly dive-bombers off aircraft carriers in the Western Pacific. While attending college and graduate school, he remained in the Naval Air Reserve and flew antisubmarine patrol planes and helicopters. His last position in his 20-year Navy career was as commanding officer of a reserve antisubmarine helicopter squadron.

Dr. Elson is a consultant to insurance companies and personal injury and medical malpractice attorneys on causation-of-injury/death issues, a practice that has taken him throughout the United States and Canada. He has testified in hundreds of personal injury trials and arbitrations. His research interests are focused on the anatomic bases of myofascial pain arising from low velocity accidents.

TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS INTRODUCTION TO COLORING ORIENTATION TO THE BODY 1. Anatomic Planes & Sections 2. Terms of Position & Direction 3. Systems of the Body (1) 4. Systems of the Body (2) 5. Cavities & Linings CELLS & TISSUES 6. The Generalized Cell 7. Cell Division / Mitosis 8. Tissues: Epithelial 9. Tissues: Fibrous Connective Tissues 10. Tissues: Supporting Connective Tissues 11. Tissues: Muscle 12. Tissues: Skeletal Muscle Microstructure 13. Tissues: Nervous 14. Integration of Tissues INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM 15. The Integument: Epidermis 16. The Integument: Dermis SKELETAL & ARTICULAR SYSTEMS 17. Long Bone Structure 18. Endochondral Ossification 19. Axial / Appendicular Skeleton 20. Classification of Joints 21. Terms of Movements 22. Bones of the Skull (1) 23. Bones of the Skull (2) 24. Temporomandibular Joint 25. Vertebral Column 26. Cervical & Thoracic Vertebrae 27. Lumbar, Sacral, & Coccygeal Vertebrae 28. Bony Thorax 29. Upper Limb: Pectoral Girdle & Humerus 30. Upper Limb: Glenohumeral (Shoulder) Joint 31. Upper Limb: Bones of the Forearm 32. Upper Limb: Elbow & Related Joints 33. Upper Limb: Bones / Joints of the Wrist & Hand 34. Upper Limb: Bones / Joints in Review 35. Lower Limb: Hip Bone, Pelvic Girdle, & Pelvis 36. Lower Limb: Male & Female Pelves 37. Lower Limb: Sacroiliac & Hip Joints 38. Lower Limb: Bones of the Thigh & Leg 39. Lower Limb: Knee Joint 40. Lower Limb: Ankle Joint & Bones of the Foot 41. Lower Limb: Bones & Joints in Review MUSCULAR SYSTEM 42. Introduction to Skeletal Muscle 43. Integration of Muscle Action 44. Head: Muscles of Facial Expression 45. Head: Muscles of Mastication 46. Neck: Anterior & Lateral Muscles 47. Torso: Deep Muscles of the Back & Posterior Neck 48. Torso: Muscles of the Bony Thorax & Posterior Abdominal Wall 49. Torso: Muscles of the Anterior Abdominal Wall & Inguinal Region 50. Torso: Muscles of the Pelvis 51. Torso: Muscles of the Perineum 52. Upper Limb: Muscles of Scapular Stabilization 53. Upper Limb: Muscles of the Musculotendinous Cuff 54. Upper Limb: Movers of the Shoulder Joint 55. Upper Limb: Movers of Elbow & Radioulnar Joints 56. Upper Limb: Movers of Wrist & Hand Joints 57. Upper Limb: Movers of Hand Joints (Intrinsics) 58. Upper Limb: Review of Muscles 59. Lower Limb: Muscles of the Gluteal Region 60. Lower Limb: Muscles of the Posterior Thigh 61. Lower Limb: Muscles of the Medial Thigh 62. Lower Limb: Muscles of the Anterior Thigh 63. Lower Limb: Muscles of the Anterior & Lateral Leg 64. Lower Limb: Muscles of the Posterior Leg 65. Lower Limb: Muscles of the Foot (Intrinsics) 66. Lower Limb: Review of Muscles 67. Functional Overview NERVOUS SYSTEM 68. Organization 69. Functional Classification of Neurons 70. Synapses & Neurotransmitters 71. Neuromuscular Integration CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 72. Development of the Central Nervous System (CNS) 73. Cerebral Hemispheres 74. Tracts / Nuclei of Cerebral Hemispheres 75. Diencephalon 76. Brain Stem / Cerebellum 77. Spinal Cord 78. Ascending Tracts (Pathways) 79. Descending Tracts CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM: CAVITIES & COVERINGS 80. Ventricles of the Brain 81. Meninges 82. Circulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 83. Cranial Nerves 84. Spinal Nerves & Nerve Roots 85. Spinal Reflexes 86. Distribution of Spinal Nerves 87. Brachial Plexus & Nerves to the Upper Limb 88. Lumber & Sacral Plexuses: Nerves to the Lower Limb 89. Dermatomes 90. Sensory Receptors AUTONOMIC (VISCERAL) NERVOUS SYSTEM 91. ANS: Sympathetic Division (1) 92. ANS: Sympathetic Division (2) 93. ANS: Parasympathetic Division SPECIAL SENSES 94. Visual System (1) 95. Visual System (2) 96. Visual System (3) 97. Auditory & Vestibular Systems (1) 98. Auditory & Vestibular Systems (2) 99. Taste & Smell CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM 100. Blood & Blood Elements 101. Scheme of Blood Circulation 102. Blood Vessels 103. Mediastinum, Walls, & Coverings of the Heart 104. Chambers of the Heart 105. Cardiac Conduction System & the ECG 106. Coronary Arteries & Cardiac Veins 107. Arteries of the Head & Neck 108. Arteries of the Brain 109. Arteries & Veins of the Upper Limb 110. Arteries of the Lower Limb 111. Aorta, Branches, & Related Vessels 112. Arteries to Gastrointestinal Tract & Related Organs 113. Arteries of the Pelvis & Perineum 114. Review of Principal Arteries 115. Veins of the Head & Neck 116. Caval & Azygos Systems 117. Veins of the Lower Limb 118. Hepatic Portal System 119. Review of Principal Veins LYMPHATIC SYSTEM 120. Lymphatic Drainage & Lymphocyte Circulation IMMUNE (LYMPHOID) SYSTEM 121. Introduction 122. Innate & Adaptive Immunity 123. Thymus & Red Marrow 124. Spleen 125. Lymph Node 126. Mucosal Associated Lymphoid Tissue (M.A.L.T.) RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 127. Overview 128. External Nose, Nasal Septum, & Nasal Cavity 129. Paranasal Air Sinuses 130. Pharynx & Larynx 131. Lobes & Pleura of the Lungs 132. Lower Respiratory Tract 133. Mechanism of Respiration DIGESTIVE SYSTEM 134. Overview 135. Oral Cavity & Relations 136. Anatomy of a Tooth 137. Pharynx & Swallowing 138. Peritoneum 139. Esophagus and Stomach 140. Small Intestine 141. Large intestine 142. Liver 143. Biliary System & Pancreas URINARY SYSTEM 144. Urinary Tract 145. Kidneys & Related Retroperitoneal Structures 146. Kidney & Ureter 147. The Nephron 148. Tubular Function & Renal Circulation ENDOCRINE SYSTEM 149. Introduction 150. Pituitary Gland & Hypothalamus 151. Pituitary Gland & Target Organs 152. Thyroid & Parathyroid Glands 153. Adrenal (Suprarenal) Glands 154. Pancreatic Islets REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 155. Male Reproductive System 156. Testis 157. Male Urogenital Structures 158. Female Reproductive System 159. Ovary 160. Uterus, Uterine Tubes, & Vagina 161. Menstrual Cycle 162. Breast (Mammary Gland) BIBLIOGRAPHY AND REFERENCES APPENDIX A: ANSWER KEYS APPENDIX B: INNERVATION OF SKELETAL MUSCLES GLOSSARY INDEX